Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm polyester yog polyethylene terephthalate, cov qauv tshuaj molecular HO-H2C-H2C-O [-OC-Ph-COOCH2CH2O-] n, vim tias muaj ntau pawg ester nyob rau cov xov tooj molecular, nws hu ua polyester fiber ( PET), tshuaj lom neeg cov qauv tshuaj ntawm nws cov ntev-cov qauv tshuaj molecule yog H (OCH2CCOCO) NOCH2CH2OH, tus txheeb ze lub cev hnyav ntawm polyester siv rau cov fiber ntau feem ntau yog txog 18000 ~ 25000, ntaub plaub zoo li polyester muaj qhov hnyav dua molecular, thiab polyester muaj siab dua cov phaus nyhav. Qhov tseeb, tseem muaj qee qhov me me ntawm monomers thiab oligomers. Cov oligomers no muaj pes tsawg lub polymerization thiab muaj nyob hauv daim ntawv cyclic. Polyethylene terephthalate tuaj yeem tau los ntawm ncaj qha esterification ntawm terephthalic acid (PTA) thiab ethylene glycol (EG) kom tau txais ethylene terephthalate (9BHET) thiab tom qab ntawd polycondensation.
Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm polyester cov sib xyaw molecular, nws yog cov luv luv aliphatic hydrocarbon chains, ester pawg, benzene rings, thiab cawv-tso tseg hydroxyl pawg. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov muaj ob txoj cawv-kawg-tawm-kawg hydroxyl pawg nyob rau hauv lub polyester, tsis muaj lwm pawg ncov qaum, yog li qhov hydrophilicity ntawm polyester fiber yog qhov tsis zoo. Cov roj ntsha polyester muaj li 46% ester pawg. Cov pawg ester tuaj yeem ua hydrolyzed thiab thermally tawg thaum qhov kub siab tshaj 200 ℃, thiab yuav muab saponified thaum muaj zog alkalis, uas yuav txo qhov degree ntawm polymerization. Kev siv tshuaj ntxuav tsev ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab cov hmoov ntxhua hauv qab 100 ℃ tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm polyester. Cuam Tshuam; polyester lwg me me kuj tseem muaj cov aliphatic hydrocarbon chains, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov lwg me hluav taws xob polyester muaj qee qhov hloov tau yooj yim, tab sis vim tias muaj cov benzene rings hauv polyester cov txheej txheem uas tsis tuaj yeem tig ua sab hauv, cov polyester macromolecules yeej yooj yim lwg me me, thiab cov xov tooj molecular yooj yim tswj Kab hom. Yog li no, polyester macromolecules tau yooj yim los ua cov ntawv ci nyob hauv cov mob no, yog li cov muaju thiab kev coj ntawm polyester yog qhov siab heev.
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